Contents

Overview of sounds

[Groups of] phonemes and letters:

Vowels (A)

Consonants (K)

Voiced (O)

Voiceless (¬O)

Voiced (O)

SimpleVowels

(^σA)

Diphthongs (^δA)

S.v.

(Y)

Sib (Ś)

Stops
(S)

Nas

(N)

h

Index
(i)

guṇa

(G)

vṛddhi

(V)

(¬H)

Asp

(H)

(¬H)

Asp

(H)

Velars (Vl)

a

ā

(a)

(ā)

(ḥ)

k

kh

g

gh

ṅ

1

Palatals (Pl)

i

ī

e

ai

y

ś

c

ch

j

jh

ñ

2

Cerebrals (Cb)

ṛ

ṝ

(ar)

(ār)

r

ṣ

ṭ

ṭh

ḍ

ḍh

ṇ

h

3

Dentals (Dt)

ḷ

ḹ

(al)

(āl)

l

s

t

th

d

dh

n

4

Labials (Lb)

u

ū

o

au

v

(ḥ)

p

ph

b

bh

m

5

(Permitted finals denoted above with grey background.)

(Please note: ¬H above is used as one symbol, i.e. ¬ is to be regarded as a negative in S: a more logical correct symbol would be ^¬HS.)

Note:

Not noted above is a nasal, anusvāra (ṃ), which is pronounced as:

Visarga (ḥ) is pronounced with an aspiration and an echo of the preceeding A, with approximatly half of its length:

Alphabetical order

The alphabetical order of these sounds are

a ā i ī u ū ṛ ṝ ḷ ḹ e ai o au

ṃ ḥ

k kh g gh ṅ

c ch j jh ñ

ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ

t th d dh n

p ph b bh m

y r l v

ś ṣ s

h

Copyright © 2005 Lennart Warnemyr