|
Here are some short notes on Pn.
|
Enclitic forms are never used when there is
stress on the PPn (eg. after a V. or particles like ca, vā, ha, aha, eva)
|
(1)
|
|
2:PPn is
used without respect to social relations
|
(2)
|
|
Address in polite manner is done with bhavat (f. bhavatī) agreeing with the 3rd person of the √
|
(3)
|
Reflexive Pn
|
sva serves as reflexive Pn (most often with possessive meaning).
|
(4)
|
|
ātman is used as a reflexive Pn
|
(5)
|
|
In Ps sentences the reflexive refers to the
agent.
|
(6)
|
Example:
Sarpaḥ tena ātmanā sva-ālayam nītaḥ. (4 & 5)
‘He, himself, brought the serpent to his own house.’
|
ayam and not eṣaḥ is the
proper word for denoting something that belongs to the speaker.
|
(7)
|
|
saḥ points to something known.
|
(8)
|
Example:
Ayam bāhuḥ. (7)
‘This arm of mine.’
|
kaḥ: who/what/which?
|
(9)
|
|
katara: whether which [of
two]?
|
(10)
|
|
katama: who [of many]?
|
(11)
|
Examples:
Kaḥ bhavān? (3
& 9)
‘Who are you?.’
Devadattaḥ etayoḥ katara? (10)
‘Which of these two are Devadatta?’
Indefinite Pn
|
Indefinite Pn are contructed as ?Pn
cit ∨ api ∨ cana
|
(12)
|
|
eka besides one also means some and a
|
(13)
|
Examples:
Kena cit pustakam apanītam. (12)
‘The book was stolen by someone.’
Aham ca eka-iṣuṇā hataḥ. (13)
‘I am hit by an arrow.’
|
Putting
together saḥ and yaḥ in the same case, gender and number means: whosoever it
may be, any
|
(14)
|
|
yaḥ
yaḥ ... saḥ
saḥ means whosoever ... he
|
(15)
|
|
For more
on RPn see: Connection of sentences.
|
|
Example:
Yaḥ kaścit mām draṣṭum icchati, saḥ tvayā
praveśayitavyaḥ. (14)
‘Whosoever it may be that wishes to see me, you
must admit him.’
|
